The Judiciary Act of 1789
-Article III of the Constitution established a Supreme Court, but left to Congress the authority to create lower federal courts as needed. Principally authored by Senator Oliver Ellsworth of Connecticut, the Judiciary Act of 1789 established the structure and jurisdiction of the federal court system and created the position of attorney general. (a system of federal trial courts with broader jurisdiction, thereby creating an arm for enforcement of national laws within each)
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